Literary Club

  Anglo Saxon period was known for the name of two tribes Angle and Saxon . In Britain, the Celts were used to live there. Angle, Saxon, and Jutes invaded there. There were fights and wars and Christianity was introduced. Most work was in oral form. There was a translation of literature from the Latin language to the old English language. In Britain, the natives were Celts, and Picts were attached to Celts. Roman which used to rule over England went back. Then Angle and Saxon invaded England, pushing Celts to the western side. Hence, the Anglo-Saxon age started.  When Romans invaded Britain. They brought Christianity with them. As the native pagans , they have no religion.  The one who translated the bible was Alfred the Great . Aldrich also played an important role in religious aspects. The Bible and the other work were translated from Latin to Old English. The old English is much more familiar with Germanic. Caedmeum and Cynwolf were religious poets. Bede was the f...

  You Tube Video in hindi/urdu for better understanding Oedipus Rex is written by Sophocles which follows the tragedy of Aristotle. there was a king and queen and they had a child named Oedipus . when they come to know about the prediction that their child would kill his father and Mary his own mother. They decided to kill Oedipus and ordered a servant to leave the child in the jungle. But the servant handed over the child to the king and queen of the other kingdom. Oedipus grew up and became a strong, courageous man.  There he came to know about the prediction associated with him so he left that place because according to him the king and queen who adopted him were their real parents. In this way, he also participated in many wars and battles.  While fighting in the battle, he killed a particular person and then moved toward the kingdom whose king had died and married his widow. This kingdom had a plague disease and Oedipus entered the kingdom by solving the puzzle of ...

 In the Roman period, the monarchy was replaced by rebellions, Roman Empire ruled over the public. There were fights between Charles Jesus and rebellions. The literature was written on the establishment of Rome. The introduction of Christianity took place. The literature was in the form of odes and epigraphs.  In the Roman era. The monarchy took place that is the rule took the empire and ruled over the public while the public was against it so they fought for freedom but Charles Jesus won and became the empire of the Kingdom. He was killed by the rebellions and then his son fought to get revenge on his father and took his kingdom back.  The people were atheists. The Romans introduced Christianity by St. Augustine. The Romans invited the people for the preaching of Christianity. They showed them miracles and made people believe in the Bible. In Roman literature, the main writer which was famous because of his work was Virgil. His famous work was Aneids in which he emph...

You Tube video for explanation in Hindi/Urdu   Hamlet is a well-known play written by Shakespeare . The story begins with the death of Hamlet's father. His soul comes to Hamlet and orders him to take revenge for his death. Moreover, he tells him that his uncle Claudius has murdered him so to know whether his Uncle has killed his father or not,  he organizes a play in which he murders an actor in the same way as Claudius has murdered his father when Claudius sees is this scene he leaves the play and goes outside. When Hamlet describes the incident to his mother. At the same time, Polonius father of Hamlet's lover Ophelia is listening to their conversation secretly behind the curtains and unintentionally, he touches something and produces sound. when Hamlet hears the sound. he thinks that his uncle is behind the curtains and with this misunderstanding, he kills him but he realizes that it was not his uncle. it was his Polonius after hearing this news, Ophelia dies and the br...

 " The Old Man and the sea ", written by " Earnest Hemingway ", is one of the best novels. The story revolves around the main character Santiago, a determined old fisherman with a lot of fishing experience. He used to go fishing along with his companion Manoline. His companionship is so strong that despite his age and frail experience, Manolin wants to work with him. He is so loyal to Santiago that when his parents say to work with other successful fishermen and leave Santiago. He refuses the offer and continues to work with him.  Santiago is on his fishing and he has been waiting to catch a fish for eighty-four days. He is in the ocean which is blue in color. He sees a bird that dives into the ocean and takes out a fish from the water. This is the indication that fish is here. So, Santiago moves his boat towards that spot and gets ready for the fishing. Moreover, he sees a turtle there who is eating the bubbles as it is the food for him.  Santiago fixes the bait i...

 In the period of the Greeks, when Greeks used to rule over Britain, there were Dark Ages . The literature of that era was not prominent as most of the work was in oral form. They passed stories from generation to generation. So, most of the work was in oral form . They were polytheists , they believed in many gods and goddesses. This mythology is known as Greek mythology . There was no proper literature in written form. In society they are involved in wars, women played the role of peacemaker and the empire was cruel. There was chaos in the society.  Although the literature was in oral form, there were some works and poets. Homer was the famous poet of that era. His renowned work was Illiad and Odyssey. It was heard that Homer was blind and most of his work was in oral form. In his poetry, Illiad emphasized the story of the Trojan War. The main characters were Hector, Paris, Hellen, and Achilles. This story was based on the beauty of Hellen. The most famous scene of this...

Language is the expression of feelings, thoughts, or emotions.   Language is the means of communication , without language, we can't talk communicate, or express our feelings and emotions. It reveals our identity and the way we want to communicate with some person.  The principal method of human communication   Language is a sign system of humankind to communicate. Language is a way to communicate and transfer our thoughts to others.  Language is a way to communicate which reveals our thoughts to someone. Language is the method of communication from one being to another . There are different types and ways to express language. For example body language and sign language. Thoughts of a person expressed in a meaningful group of words for communication. A language is a system of conventional spoken manual or written symbols by means and a system to connect with other people. It is a tool for communication that connects people on a basic level it reveals our tho...

 The Renaissance age (15th-17th century) was like the silver lining for English literature as in this period there was an enhancement in literature, knowledge, art, religion, and science.  There was an enhancement in almost every field of life. That's why this period was known as the golden period of England. Before the Renaissance period, there was darkness in literature but enlightenment prevailed during the Renaissance period. Renaissance is derived from the Latin word Renacanze which means revival or rebirth . In this period, there was the rebirth of everything: literature, science, art, and religion, so that's why, this period is known as the Renaissance period.  In the Elizabethan period. Turkey invaded to Greek, and Greek philosophers fled to Europe. Vas-co-de-gama discovered half of the earth. He circumnavigated the earth. Columbus discovered America.  Nicolaus Copernicus   discovered the solar system. William Caxton invented the printing press w...

  The Anglo-Norman age  (1066 CE- 1300 CE)  was also known as the age of middle English literature it contributed to old English literature and there was a new language and new literature in the Anglo-Norman period. Normas were North men who came from Normandy. King Harold Godwinson ruled over Anglo-Saxons while William the Conquer was the king of Normans. He was a French king who attacked Anglo-Saxons in the Battle of Hastings.  He won and started rule over there and then the middle English period was known as an Anglo-Norman period. William the Conquer was civilized and brought Civilization to the society at that time, there came a new language and literature. They brought Christianity to the society where St Augustine was the dominant figure. they told about the stories of God and goddesses to people. Most of the work was in oral form and in poetry.   In poetry, the writer uses the elements of wind and Storm, love for womanhood, and love for natur...

 PHONOTACTICS Phonotactics deals with the combinations of sounds possible and where sounds can occur in a syllable  PHONEMES   It is a mental representation of a specific word and the smallest sound unit in a language. For example: In the word cat, three phonemes are there.  /c/ /a/ /t/  It is written in slashes to distinguish them from phones. PHONE Phones are simply a speech sound. These are the words with puff sounds. When you speak the word aloud that sound is the phone. It is written in a square bracket. ALLOPHONE Allophone is articulation of phoneme. It describes a phoneme whose sound changes depending on the letter surrounding it.  For example in the word 'Kit' air is expelled forcefully when 'k' is produced. Phonetics 1. Phonetics is the branch of linguistics that deals with how human speech sounds are made. 2. It describes how physical expressions of human speech sounds are produced. 3. Phonetical units are called phones. 4. It deals with a la...

  “We cannot always build the future for our youth, but we can build our youth for the future.” (Franklin D. Roosevelt) Youth aspiration is a process by which young people hope and imagine what their life will be like in the future. Individual preferences are not the only factor shaping aspirations. Social interactions, institutions, and other aspects of a young person’s life also significantly impact their aspirations. The youth of a country plays a vital role in the development and progress of the country as it can bring social reform to a country. Youth contains people 15 to 29 years old who are full of aims, goals, determinations, and aspirations. It can determine the future of a nation. It is full of energy and has the power to build a nation. “Preventing the conflicts of tomorrow means changing the mindset of youth today.” (Graça Machel) Despite other factors like personal preference, social interaction, etc., education is the main factor in developing aspiratio...